The Real History Of Valentine”€™s Day and Saint Valentine: Tune in today to hear special guest, Bill Federer, give us the real history behind Valentine”€™s Day! You”€™ll learn about the saint the day is named for as well as lots of unknown facts. Join us now!

Air Date: 02/11/2019

Guest: Bill Federer

On-air Personalities: David Barton, Rick Green, and Tim Barton

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Transcription note:  As a courtesy for our listeners’ enjoyment, we are providing a transcription of this podcast. Transcription will be released shortly. However, as this is transcribed from a live talk show, words and sentence structure were not altered to fit grammatical, written norms in order to preserve the integrity of the actual dialogue between the speakers. Additionally, names may be misspelled or we might use an asterisk to indicate a missing word because of the difficulty in understanding the speaker at times. We apologize in advance.

Faith And The Culture

Rick:

Welcome the intersection of faith and the culture. This is Walter’s live. We’re always talking about today’s hottest topics on policy, and faith, and the culture. Always doing that from a biblical, historical, and constitutional, perspective. We love looking back into history, love looking back into what the Bible says about an issue, and we obviously respect that constitutional perspective as well. So, we’re always looking at those three perspectives on every issue of the day.

And today we’re having our conversation with David Barton. He’s America’s premier historian and our founder here at WallBuilders. Tim Barton is a national speaker and pastor and the president of WallBuilders. And I’m Rick Green, I”€™m a former Texas legislator.

You can find out more about us at WallBuildersLive.com and also WallBuilders.com. There’s a lot of great information at both websites. And while you’re there, if you would please consider going to that contribution button and that will give you a chance to support what we’re doing on the program here, support our training programs. As a listener supported program it takes people like you to make it possible. So, thank you – thank you to all of our supporters out there for coming alongside us.

You can do a one time contribution of whatever amount makes sense to you or you can come alongside us and be one of our monthly donors. And maybe it’s just one coffee a month you give up, maybe it’s five bucks a month, or 50 bucks a month, or whatever you can do. Believe me, it helps to spread this word and that means we’re going get more people equipped as citizens to preserve our Constitutional Republic.

So, guys, later in the program Bill Federer will be back with us to give us a little background on a topic we haven’t covered, I don’t think, in our however many years of doing this program. We’re gonna talk about Valentine’s and the history of it and find out if my theory is correct that it’s just a conspiracy by the card companies to make me spend money on Valentine”€™s.

Is Valentine”€™s More Than Commercialism?

David:

Well, I’ve got to say, my impression of Valentine’s Day is a commercial day created by the Hallmark card company to sell cards and by the floral companies to sell flowers.  I think of a very commercial day.

Tim:

Well, and I’ve heard the name Saint Valentine, but I couldn’t tell you a single thing about St. Valentine. Is that like St. Nicholas, who, it’s a mythical creature based on someone who was real and Saint Valentine was like a gardener with roses and he had chocolate beans that he’d made. Like, I have no idea what this could be. I know I’ve heard St. Valentine, but I’ve never seen anything beyond the flowers, or the chocolates, or the candies, that date night, whatever it is.

Which is– the joke used to be that, right, it was always just somebody trying to make money. Some brilliant marketer was like, “€œGuys, if you don’t do this you don’t love a woman and you’re terrible.”€ But I don”€™t really know the story of Valentine’s Day.

David:

Even with St. Valentine’s, I don’t associate Valentine’s Day with St. Valentine’s. There’s a lot of saints that are out there as saints and I don’t associate many days– I don’t even think of Valentine’s Day as being associated with an individual. I think more of it as an event, or an idea, or a focus on– let’s focus on “€œI love and appreciate you”€. I just don’t associate the holiday at all with an individual. That’s just not what comes to mind.

Rick:

Well, both you guys are way ahead of me. I didn’t know there was a St. Valentine. So, I have to show my ignorance today on the program because I did not realize that. So, I  this going to be pretty interesting.

Going To The Origins

David:

Well, Bill is really good about going back into what I would consider to be obscure only because it’s not known. I would think that most Americans do not know that there’s a St. Valentine’s or that Valentine’s Day has anything to do with him. And Bill is so good about going back into the origin of holidays and where these things came from and I expect nothing less here.

When he gets into whoever St. Valentine is, and I can”€™t– I don’t have a clue who St. Valentine is– when he gets into that, probably when we come out of his interview, we’re going to be going, “€œOh my gosh. I had no clue.”€ Because that’s just the way he’s done other holidays where we’ve talked to him. It’s like I had no– I”€™ve celebrated it, but I didn’t know why. So, this ought to be a lot of fun.

Rick:

When we’ve had him on in the past, I have, after the interview, I had to share with my kids and my wife all over multiple meals many of the facts and interesting things that we learned. It was always fun to to pass it on and I think our listeners probably enjoy the same thing.

Let’s take a quick break. Bill Federer will be our special guest when we return. You’re listening to WallBuilders Live.

Pastors Only Briefing Trip

Tim:

Hi, this is Tim Barton with WallBuilders and I want to encourage all the pastors out there with a unique opportunity that we’re presenting it WallBuilders. We’re doing a special tour just for pastors that you can come and learn more about the spiritual heritage of our nation. Not just seeing the sights but understanding the significance of what they are and what they represent.

We get to go to the Capitol at night.  And we get to see the spiritual heritage of our Founding Fathers, of who we are as a nation, where we came from. We bring in congressman that will tell you about current legislation, about our religious liberties  and freedom, and what’s going on in Washington, D.C.

If you’re a pastor or if you want to recommend your pastor for this trip, you can go to our website at www.WallBuilders.com. And there’s a link that’s for scheduling.  If you click on that link there’s a section for pastor”€™s briefing. There’s more information about the dates, when it’s going, and how it’s going to happen. If you want to know more about our nation, our religious liberties, our freedom, our spiritual heritage, this is a trip you want to be a part of.

What Is The Story With Valentine”€™s Day?

Rick:

Welcome back. Thanks for staying with us here on WallBuilders Live. Bill Federer back with us. Got another holiday to talk about and going to learn a lot of great stuff today. Bill, always good to have you, brother.

Bill Federer:

Rick:

Hey, 20 books out there. Best website for folks to go to to learn more about you and bring you in to speak, by the way. Great information and always thrilling to be able to hear you because I walk away learning so much. So, you speak at all kinds of conferences, churches, different things. How can people get a hold of you even before we get into the information today.

Bill Federer:

Well, thanks, Rick. That’s kind of you. AmericanMinute.com is my website.

Rick:

AmericanMinute.com. Great stuff there as well. So, listen, we’ve had you on talking about all kinds of different things from St. Nick to different holidays out there. Valentine’s Day – what is the story on the history of Valentine’s Day?

Bill Federer:

Well, there were 10 major persecutions in the first three centuries of Christianity and St. Valentine lived during the third century during this persecution time. So, you have Saint Patrick in Ireland is the next century and Saint Nicholas there in the Greek Orthodox area is in the next century. These are the early church type saints.

Well, the records are scant primarily because during these persecutions they would make pastors give up the scriptures. Now, this is before the printing press, so everything was handwritten and there are instances of pastors going to their deaths because they refused to give up the scriptures. Yet others gave them up.

Three Valentine”€™s?

Bill Federer:

So, when we piece together this story there’s actually three different people with the name Valentine that go back to this third century or so. One of them was a church leader in Rome, another one was a bishop in central Italy in a place called Turney. And the story is that the Roman Empire at the time was Claudius and there was a plague, probably the plague of Cyprian, where smallpox and 5000 people died a day. So many died in Rome because all the citizens were packed together that the army was depleted and Emperor Claudius needed soldiers to fight the invading goths.

So, you go across the world – China is building the Great Wall of China. And the Huns have trouble attacking into China because of the Great Wall, so they turned west attacking tribe, after tribe, after tribe, starts a domino effect of displaced tribes across Central Asia. So, in a sense, the Roman Empire is being invaded by illegal immigrant threats. First they came slow, learned the Latin language, and worked as servants. But then they began to come in such large numbers, kept their own language, broke up the unity of the Empire. Anyway–

Rick:

Wait, just as a side note there, Bill, so there was a wall–

Bill Federer:

Yeah.

Rick:

–the Great China Wall repelled that invasion. And, uh, “€œOh look, there’s a nation without a wall. Let’s go there.”€

Bill Federer:

Exactly. Exactly.

Rick:

Yeah.

Bill Federer:

So, Emperor Claudius, Claudius II, needed soldiers and he thought that unmarried soldiers fought better. So, he banned traditional marriage in the military. And then there was still rivalry from a previous Emperor being assassinated, Gelienas. So, Claudius decided to deify the previous Emperor, Gelienas, which means make him a god to be worshipped. And guess what? The Christians wouldn”€™t worship these Roman gods and so the persecution starts.

A Composite Story

Bill Federer:

And when we see Valentine, it’s sort of a composite story of the different people that lived during this time with that name. The first mention of him in history is 460 A.D. in a Latin record called *. And I cannot speak Latin, so sorry about that.

Rick:

Did you have to practice that before– I just want to know if you had to practice that one before we get on here?

Bill Federer:

I butchered it so much. But anyway, that’s 460 A.D.. And then you look at the *, or the sacred legends, written in 1260 A.D.. And then in 1493 you had the Nuremberg Chronicles. So, they mentioned someone named Valentine.

And the story is that he risked the emperor”€™s wrath by secretly marrying soldiers and their young brides even though the Emperor said the military wasn’t supposed to marry. and he refused to worship the pagan idols. He was arrested by the Prefect of Rome. They condemned him to die.

And the stories that are associated with his life is while he was in jail, the jailer whose name was Esterious, he asked Valentine to pray for his blind daughter, Valentine prayed, the girl received her sight and was baptized. And right before his execution he wrote a note to the jailer”€™s daughter to encourage her in the faith and he signed it, “€œFrom your Valentine”€. He was beaten to death with clubs and stones and when that failed to kill him he was beheaded outside the Flemington gate in Rome–

Rick:

Wow.

Happy Valentine”€™s Day

Bill Federer:

–on what date? February 14th, 269 A.D.. Happy Valentine’s Day.

Rick:

Wow.

Bill Federer:

Anyway, in 496 A.D., two centuries later, Pope *Delacious designated February 14th as St. Valentine’s Day. And originally, the idea was you honor their example and it encourages you to be bold for your faith. But really, was just a minor date on the calendar, St. Valentine’s Day, until Chaucer.

And here we have England, we have Geoffrey Chaucer, he writes his parliament of fowls. But he talks about how the birds chose their mates in mid-February and he says, “€œFor this was St. Valentine’s Day when every bird of every kind that men can imagine comes to this place to choose its mate.”€

And about 90 percent of bird species are monogamous. People didn’t realize that. Swans, geese, ravens cranes, blue jays, owls, ospreys, bald eagles. What does monogamous mean? It means they mate for life.

Rick:

Wow.

Bill Federer:

And anyway, so this thought of the St. Valentine’s Day, this Roman Christian saint, and then Chaucer saying, “€œOh, it”€™s on this date that the birds pick, choose, their mate and most of them are monogamous.”€ And then this became– St. Valentine’s Day became associated with courtly love. So, in the seventeen hundreds, the idea of sending flowers, and confectionery, and cards, spread.

Pushing Social Experiments On The Military – Not New

Bill Federer:

Now, a little bit of trivia, during Roman times–

Rick:

Now wait, I”€™ve got to ask you, Bill, so all this time I was wrong. I thought the greeting card companies had conspired this to get me to spend five bucks every year, at least five, since I”€™ve got to do Mom, I”€™ve got to do my wife, I got to get my daughter one, I”€™ve got to get– so, I”€™ve got to do like twenty dollars worth of cards. So, it wasn’t a conspiracy by the greeting card companies. This is the real deal. Real history here.

Bill Federer:

Right. But it is a reminder, men, you better take this notice.

Rick:

That”€™s right. I’m sorry – go ahead. But, wait, back up to the first part. Just a couple questions on the first part so far.

So, this St. Valentine when he would secretly marry the soldier, I instantly had when you were describing that this image in my mind from the movie Braveheart where they had to get married secretly and all that. So, that kind of stuff really did happen. This ban on marriage could because he I guess he didn’t want them distracted or whatever. He wanted to just be totally focused on war and nothing else.

So, St. Valentine risked that wrath by having secret marriages. And he was– so it sounds like he was also a bold defender of the faith, he refused to participate in worshipping false gods.

Bill Federer:

Right. So, in the last administration it was told into the military that traditional male female relationships were to be discarded and that they were introducing transgender and LBGTQ, and they were saying if you didn’t embrace this new morality you’re basically terminated from military employment. So, the idea of dictators wanting to push social experiments on the military does not–

Rick:

Not new.

Bill Federer:

–go back to Roman times.

What About X”€™s and O”€™s?

Rick:

Not new. Okay, I had to sidetrack and go back to that. You were about to talk about the signing that where we get the X’s and O’s.

Bill Federer:

So, we”€™ve got Valentine’s cards now and you typically sign them with what? X”€™s and O”€™s. Well, the Christian, the Greek name for Christ– and this goes back to Constantine 313 A.D.., he stops the persecution of Christians. The story is the night before the battle he saw the sign of Christ in the sky, puts it on all the shields as symbols. What is the sign of Christ? It’s the first two letters of the Greek name for Christ.

So, Christos is the Greek name. The letter that makes the “€œk”€ sound is written as an X and it’s pronounced “€œki”€ and it makes a “€œk”€ sound. And then “€œr”€ for Ch-rist. So, the “€œr”€ sound is written as a big “€œP”€ and it’s called the “€œro”€. So, it’s called chi-ro and it’s an X and a P and you see this on third and fourth century Christian Roman artwork, the big X and a P.

And over the centuries it got shortened just to the “€œx”€, it was called the “€œki”€ and it was called the “€œChrist”€™s cross”€ and they would use it as an abbreviation. So, when you say Xmas, it wasn’t X crossing out Christ, it was the X that stood for Christ.

And then it became a sign of a written note. So, you’d sign a document and like you swore to tell the truth and you”€™d put your hand on the Bible, you’d sign at the Christ cross or criss-cross and then you would kiss it to show sincerity. So, the idea is you would swear into office, sign at the X, and you’d kiss it.

That comes to the Valentine card where you swear before Christ that you’re going to keep your pledge to this person, and you’re signing at the Christ cross, and you kiss it to show sincerity. So, just a little interest–

Rick:

Ineresting.

Bill Federer:

–that’s where we get the cross your heart, swear to tell the truth, and–

Rick:

Yeah.

Some Trivia

Bill Federer:

–the idea of the X being put your mark here, put your Christ cross. Other little trivia – Frederick Douglass the Republican advisor to Abraham Lincoln–

Rick:

The great abolitionist.

Frederick Douglass

–he doesn”€™t remember his birthday, but he remembers his mother calling him, “€œMy little Valentine”€. And sad thing – Teddy Roosevelt’s wife and mother died on Valentine’s Day in 1884. Wow. Depressed, he leaves politics, goes out to a ranch in the Dakotas, and then finally comes back and runs for president. And then 1929, St. Valentine’s Day Massacre of the Chicago mob murders the Irish mob and Al Capone, so forth.

But, anyway, so we go back, it was a date with Roman persecution of Christians. Christians are still being persecuted today.

Rick:

Yeah.

Bill Federer:

The word martyr in Greek means, is “€œwitness”€. So, when Jesus says you’ll be a witness for me, it could also be saying you’re going be a martyr for Me. So, St. Valentine was willing to be martyred for his Christian faith and we’re reminded of this example that, “€œGreater love has no man than this than he lay down his life for his friends.”€

Not A Shallow Holiday

Rick:

Amen. Amen. What an awesome Valentine education. We typically think of it as this shallow holiday, man, it’s got all this depth and all this history to it. Now, is there a good– have you put this in any of your books? Or a good resource for if people want to dive in and share this with others? Obviously they can share the program today, but is there a good resource we can go to for you?

Bill Federer:

Well, I’ve put together, it”€™s called American Minutes. So, it’s one story for every day of the year. And obviously, the February 14th one is I give this story.

Rick:

Gotcha, okay. So, they can get that at the website – AmericanMinute.com.

Bill Federer:

Yeah.

Rick:

Alright, cool. Alright, we’ll put that website available today at WallBuildersLive.com so you can get over there. Bill Federer, always a pleasure. Looking forward to the next time we have you back.

Bill Federer:

Well, Rick, thank you and thank the whole WallBuilders family and the tremendous work you’re doing, David and Tim Barton. I hear great works – your reputation is making an impact across the country. And thank you.

Rick:

Well, right back at you. We’ll be right back, folks. Quick break. We”€™ll be back with David and Tim Barton.

Front Sight Handgun Training Course

Hey friends! Rick Green here, from WallBuilders Live. What do Dennis Prager, Larry Elder, Ben Shapiro, Rick Green, Tim Barton, David Barton – what do all these folks have in common other than the fact that they’re conservative commentators that defend the Constitution and educate America on the Constitution?

They’re all raving about Front Sight Firearms Training Institute. In fact, if you go to my website right now today at RickGreen.com, you can watch the video of Dennis Prager training at Front Sight, or Larry Elder, or Tim Barton, or myself out there training at Front Sight. It’s an opportunity for you to learn how to defend yourself and your family to make sure that you are ready and able to do that. It is a fantastic place to train. They train 30 to 40,000 people a year, and they’re just wonderful to work with.

And you can go with us! We’re headed back out. We’re going to have a great time out there as the WallBuilders family and if you’re a supporter of WallBuilders, we have an amazing deal for you. It”€™s actually going to cost you 1/10th the normal price to attend this two day handgun training because you”€™re going with us. And you”€™ll also get the Constitution crash course. I”€™ll be teaching on the Constitution, you”€™ll get the intellectual ammunition that you need to defend the Second Amendment and our Constitution. As well as getting the physical training on how to defend yourself and your family.  

And this is for everyone – guys, gals, everyone should take this class. No matter how much you”€™ve shot your whole life or if you”€™ve never touched a gun, learn how to defend your family. We”€™re going to be going several times throughout the year and we would love to have you be a part of that. Check it out at RickGreen.com today to find out the dates, get all the specifics, and get all of your questions answered. Check out RickGreen.com today to join us on this Front Sight trip for both your constitutional and handgun defense training.

Maintaining A Cool Tradition?

Rick:

We’re back. Thanks for staying with us here on WallBuilders Live. Thanks to Bill Federer for joining us as well. AmericanMinute.com is the website and we”€™ll have a link today at WallBuildersLive.com, so you can get over there easily.

Back with David and Tim now. Guys, okay, this is not just the card companies. Looks like we– when we do get our wives something for Valentine’s we’re actually maintaining a pretty cool tradition.

Tim:

So, I would like to know how we go from he was a martyr, to here is roses, and chocolate, and I love you.

Rick:

Well, I was just trying to score some points, man.

Tim:

Right. Like, “€œHey, babe, I love you so much. I would be martyred for you. Here’s some roses and chocolate.”€ Right? Now, in seriousness, right, where the Bible talks about “€œGreater love has no one than he lays down his life for his friend.”€ So, it was– or relative maybe we could draw some connections.

But I still am having a hard time seeing how we have so commercialized this holiday. Although, arguably, that’s probably what a lot of the pilgrims and puritans were saying about Christmas is, “€œHow have you so commercialized this? You’ve forgotten the whole point of what it’s about.”€ So, maybe we have fallen into a commercialization of something that should not have been commercialized, but I don’t see the direct connection.

David:

Well, I’ve got to say, Rick, your first question is you ask him, “€œAlright, what about Valentine’s Day?”€ And I’m waiting for an answer that has something to do with flowers, and Hallmark cards, and candies, and whatever, and he starts talking about the different ages of persecution. I”€™m going, you asked about Valentine’s Day. How did he get to persecution?

Tim:

So, there were 10 persecutions in the first three centuries. Like, whoa, whoa, whoa–

Why We Enjoy History So Much

David:

Wait a minute, did you not hear what Rick asked you about Valentine’s Day? As we predicted, it is so shocking to see. And the fact that he was– we’re celebrating Valentine’s Day because he was beheaded on the 14th of February. So, let’s have a day to

Tim:

Well, on top of it, right, well, actually, there were three different Valentine’s. So, this is the one we think, but there were several Valentine’s. There is so much more to this story which is why we enjoy history so much and learning the stories. Which is why we enjoy having veterans programs, we get to learn the stories of veterans from World War II, or from Korea, or Vietnam, or whatever the case may be. We love learning some of these stories. This certainly took a very different direction–

David:

Oh yeah.

Tim:

–than I would have guessed.

David:

It really is a different kind of direction than what we anticipated.

Tim:

Well, I thought it was super interesting, too, where he talked about how Emperor Claudius banned marriage because single men fight better. And as I’m hearing this I”€™m going, “€œI can totally see that’s true”€ but, right, what an interesting thought to say, “€œOkay, how can I have a better army? There will be no more marriages.”€ Right? What an interesting– and by interesting I mean really weird, way to assess this.

But even some of how this flow happens to get to Saint Valentine and seeing some of these decisions that are made where marriage is forbidden and now Valentine’s is really the relationship holiday. How far we’ve come from the place where that, “€œNo, we need good warriors therefore, men, we don’t want you have a family because you’re going to be distracted thinking about your family. We need you to be able to just run and die in battle of necessary and not worry about who you”€™re leaving behind.”€ So many, again, interesting details of the story that I had never heard.

Speaking Greek And Not Knowing It

David:

Well, and then he gets into the X”€™s and the O’s, and what that means in the Greek language, and how you pronounce it, and etc.. And then from the X”€™s which is the Greek letter and the criss. And then you get the criss cross, and then you get cross your heart, and all these things that we– I had no clue that that went back to even that Greek letter, Greek word. So, when you see an Xmas that that actually is not leaving Christ out of it, it’s actually putting Christ in it.

Tim:

And I thought that, too, I thought, “€œI was always told not to put Xmas because we want to keep Christ in Christmas.”€ I think there’s probably some people that do put xmas and they’re intending to keep Christ out, but they have no idea that actually that’s where this originated. You’re actually speaking Greek now you had no idea. So, this is Greek Christ-mas, so even in this right, as you were saying these X”€™s and O”€™s, just things that we had not heard before.

David:

And, by the way, just on a– now let’s go in 180 degree direction different. I had no idea that 90 percent of birds are monogamous, that they mated for life.

Rick:

Yeah. He just kind of dropped that in there. I was like, “€œOh, okay.”€

David:

We talk a lot about the laws of nature, and with millennials, and our leadership training, and whatnot, we do a lot of reasoning – what are the laws of nature teaching us on this, this, this, and this. I had no clue that it was common in nature that birds were monogamous, that 90 percent of bird species mated for life.

So, Valentine’s Day is when he wrote that all these birds came and chose their mate. So, that’s part of Valentine’s Day is this connection for life. We’re making a lifelong commitment here. I can see where all these ingredients go into what we now do in celebrating Valentine’s Day, but had no idea where that stuff came from.

Rick:

Okay, but that doesn’t mean that in second grade when I did the little “€œBe My Valentine”€ card with the little candy thing–

Tim:

Wow.

Done For Life?

Rick:

–that didn’t mean I was done in life, right?

Tim:

Rick, how many Valentine’s have you had? Bro–

Rick:

Shhhhhh.

Tim:

You”€™re supposed to have one.

Rick:

I think our show’s breaking up. I think the–

Tim:

Well, it’s easy, I feel like, right, the pharisee at the moment. It’s easier to point my finger at you. If somebody nailed down and was like, “€œWait a second, let me start writing in the sand all of your old Valentines.”€ I’d be like, “€œI need to leave.”€

Rick:

Is anybody else picturing those little bitty heart shaped candy things–

David:

Oh yeah.

Rick:

–that were just awful?

Definitely Chaulk

Tim:

You bet. You mean the chaulk?

Rick:

They were terrible. Yeah, they were chaulk!

Tim:

Yes, yes.

Rick:

They were chaulk, yes. Okay, sorry, I get sidetracked.

David:

Well, all of this, I don’t know how I can do this, Rick, I have to admit you were right.  You concluded and said we typically think this is a shallow holiday and it’s not.

Rick:

Yeah.

David:

You’re exactly right. There is so much more to this than what I would have guessed when we started the program. I just, I had no clue that there was this kind of background in it. It really is cool stuff and there is a lot of things where you can say that, “€œYou know, that really makes a lot of sense. It is logical. This is a deeper holiday than it would appear to be and I guess Hallmark didn’t invent it after all.”€

Tim:

Well, and as he said, right, that the fact that he was willing, that Valentine was willing, to lay down his life for Christians, for Christianity, it really is that reflection that, “€œGreater love has no one than he lay down his life for his friends.”€ And then that is such a picture of what love is supposed to look like. Which does make sense of why we would celebrate love on Valentine’s Day.

The Real History Of Valentine”€™s Day and Saint Valentine

Rick:

Well, anyone that says that history is not fun and exciting to learn has not listened to WallBuilders Live lately. This was a great interview with Bill Federer, appreciate him coming on the program today.

And most of all, appreciate you listening today. So, thanks so much for listening to WallBuilders Live. We really do actually enjoy history – it can be fun, it should be fun. The story of America is amazing.

So, today we looked way back before America to get some of those traditions of Valentine’s Day. But the story of America is incredible and that’s what we do most of the time here on WallBuilders Live. So, we appreciate you listening and giving us a chance to bring you that biblical, historical, and constitutional, perspective on the hot topics of the day.

You’ve been listening to WallBuilders Live.